For many politicians in Florida, the medical marijuana issue has become election kryptonite.
While Florida’s two leading gubernatorial candidates have had little trouble discussing their vision for the Sunshine State, neither Charlie Crist nor Gov. Rick Scott has gushed over Amendment 2 — an issue that could have widespread ramifications for the state and influence a national debate on medical marijuana.
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Their silence on the drug and the constitutional amendment up for a vote on Nov. 4 stands out as one of the few commonalities between Scott, the incumbent Republican, and Democratic challenger Crist.
But they aren’t alone.
Statewide, politicians of every stripe and office have been largely silent on the issue that voters will decide on Tuesday.
If approved by 60 percent of the voters, the amendment could catapult Florida into being the second-largest medical marijuana-consuming state in the nation — after California — within a few years.
Medical marijuana could become an industry generating $800 million annually in taxable revenue, experts say. Proponents contend that the drug could replace or reduce prescription medication use for roughly 400,000 residents suffering from a wide variety of ailments.
But opponents say the proposal is just a thinly veiled attempt to push the state toward full legalization, a move they say would have dire consequences for the state’s population.
If passed, Florida would become the 24th state to legalize marijuana for medical use. Others states that have approved similar measures include Illinois, Michigan and New York, states that are the source of many winter visitors to the Sunshine State.
Party politics
Perhaps not surprisingly, support for medical marijuana has traditionally broken down among party lines — until recently.
Democrats, typically identified as a group that pushes for marijuana reform, have been less shy about speaking out statewide.
“The Democrats own this issue, in terms of expansion and legalization of medical marijuana,” University of Florida political scientist Daniel Smith said.
But Crist, a Republican-turned-Democrat, is especially close to the issue: After vying unsuccessfully for the U.S. Senate — a race he lost during the primary — Crist became a law partner at Morgan & Morgan.
Two years after Crist joined the Orlando firm, founder John Morgan became the leading voice to get the medical marijuana amendment on the ballot in Florida, spending $5 million.
Still, Crist has had to be restrained in his support for the amendment for political reasons, Smith and some other analysts believe.
“The interesting thing is that Charlie Crist should be playing it up, but he cannot, because of his relationship with John Morgan, because then it looks self-serving,” Smith said.
Republicans, too, have a complex relationship with medical marijuana.
Beginning with President Richard Nixon, Republicans created the “War on Drugs” campaign that resonates to this day in America.
Marijuana, in particular, was singled out by the federal government as dangerous and lacking in redeeming values.
It was Nixon, too, who in 1971 classified marijuana as a so-called “Schedule One” drug, alongside heroin. Federal officials maintained that marijuana was a “gateway drug” that would lead users to even stronger drugs with higher risks of addiction.
Conservative icon Ronald Reagan, who served as president from 1981 to 1989, continued the charge with a much-heralded “Just Say No” campaign led by first lady Nancy Reagan.
“Particularly among socially conservative Republicans, marijuana has been viewed as an illegal drug,” said Aubrey Jewett, a University of Central Florida political science professor.
But in the years since Reagan left the White House, public perception on marijuana has changed dramatically.
This spring, the Pew Research Center determined that 54 percent of Americans now believe marijuana should be legalized. In 1969, by contrast, when the Gallup poll takers first asked the same question, just 12 percent favored legalization.
Support appears to be gaining. In the past four years alone, support for legalization has risen 13 percentage points, Pew notes.
That could be bad news for staunch Republican candidates, who face a quandary over medical marijuana because many of their constituents — especially aging, white baby boomers beginning to deal with chronic illness and disease — seem to support it.
The GOP, meanwhile, seems to want medical marijuana to remain off the proverbial radar.
“You hope maybe this is not going to be the big issue in the campaign after all,” Jewett said of the Republican mindset. “You don’t want it to be about medical marijuana if you think it is going to increase turnout among your opponents’ supporters.”
Hands-off approach
After early polls suggested medical marijuana would be approved overwhelmingly, more recent data suggests the vote on the amendment could go either way.
Political analysts note 60 percent is a high threshold for approval, and opponents have become more mobilized as the election nears.
Early summer polls, for instance, concluded nine out of 10 Floridians supported medical marijuana.
But by mid-October, according to a Tampa Bay Times survey, support for Amendment 2 had shrunk to 48 percent — its lowest level in the past two years.
Yet another poll, however, from the University of North Florida, stated the measure still enjoyed 67 percent support.
That volatility could be the reason neither Scott nor Crist has been eager to raise the issue.
During the pair’s hour-long debate broadcast by CNN on Tuesday night, both Scott and Crist slid right through a marijuana question.
Both said they are sympathetic to people whose medical conditions might benefit from cannabis.
Scott plugged a non-euphoric marijuana bill he signed into law in the spring. But his endorsement stopped there.
“The right thing to do is continue to go back through the legislative process to find treatments that work,” the governor said.
Crist said he supported the medical marijuana amendment and acknowledged that Morgan, his law partner, “has worked very hard to get it on the ballot and I commend him for that.”
But that’s about as far as he ventured on the subject, choosing instead to raise a personal issue that could be vaguely connected to medical marijuana.
“I happen to have a sister that a little over a year ago was diagnosed with brain cancer,” Crist said. “Thank God she’s doing well. Hello, Margaret. God bless you.”
The candidates’ tepid interest extends to many other legislators, as well.
Sen. Nancy Detert, R-Venice, one of the region’s senior legislators and a politician facing no known challengers at present, has been especially taciturn.
She declined a chance to outline her stance on the issue with the Herald-Tribune.
“The silence is deafening from some,” Smith said.
That silence stems from many politicians’ reasoning that they do not want to seem unsympathetic and alienate voters who either are suffering from illness or know someone who is by opposing something that could help.
But while politicians have been largely silent, voters and constituents have tended not to be.
“It comes up just about everywhere I go,” said Greg Steube, R-Sarasota, who will soon start his third term in the state’s House of Representatives, and like Detert, is unopposed.
He thinks Amendment 2 would spell disaster if it becomes law and prompt a series of lawsuits. But if the measure does pass, Steube said he will support the Florida Department of Health in making rules regarding medical marijuana.
“From my understanding, the initiative only allows the Department of Health to promulgate rules, not the Legislature,” Steube said. “I am sure there are some things we can do, like tax it.”
Age divide
Dovetailing with the political divide on the issue is a generational one.
Rep. Matt Gaetz, age 32, knows this well.
The Republican from Fort Walton Beach is preparing to begin his third term as a state representative. In 2016, he plans to run for the state Senate.
This spring, he sponsored the “Compassionate Medical Cannabis Act of 2014,” the first bill to tackle reform on the state level.
Crafted after medical marijuana cemented a place on the November ballot, it set up strict rules governing the ability of patients with epilepsy or severe spasms to use a non-euphoric marijuana extract.
The measure was supposed to be non-controversial. It has been anything but that, however. With the medical marijuana vote grows near, policies created by the Florida Department of Health governing non-euphoric marijuana extracts — commonly known as Charlotte’s Web — have become mired in four lawsuits.
Even so, Gaetz considers the Charlotte’s Web bill signed into law as a victory.
“My dad, who serves in the state Senate, is Senate president, was a tough sell,” Gaetz said.
“A lot of the older members of the Legislature had it ingrained in their minds that cannabis cannot be medicine. I think that is because the federal government has spent a generation telling us that.”
